Cytokine expression refers to the production and release of signaling proteins called cytokines by a cell or tissue in response to immune stimulation, infection, inflammation, or other environmental factors. Cytokines play a key role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and cell communication. Aberrant cytokine expression has been implicated in various diseases, such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases. Research in this area aims to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of cytokine expression and its role in disease pathogenesis, as well as to develop therapeutic interventions targeting cytokines for disease treatment.